Effects of two dentifrices on the surface properties and staining susceptibility of polymer-based materials

Babaier, Rua ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9565-8275, Alhotan, Abdulaziz ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9036-0485, Haider, Julfikar ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7010-8285, Silikas, Nick ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4576-4584 and Watts, David C ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9105-2775 (2024) Effects of two dentifrices on the surface properties and staining susceptibility of polymer-based materials. Journal of Prosthodontics: implant, esthetic, and reconstructive dentistry. ISSN 1059-941X

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Abstract

This study examined the effect of whitening and abrasive regular dentifrices on the surface characteristics and stain susceptibility of polymer-based CAD-CAM blocks subjected to artificial toothbrushing abrasion (TB). Two resin composite blocks [CeraSmart (CS) and Grandio Blocs (GB)], one polymer-infiltrated ceramic [Vita Enamic (VE)], and one direct resin composite [GrandioSO (RC)] were used to produce 60 specimens. The baseline mass, gloss, roughness, Vickers hardness (Hv), and color were measured after 7 days of water storage. The specimens were then separated into three TB treatment groups (n = 5): water control (C), regular daily dentifrice (R), and whitening dentifrice (W). Measurements were repeated post-TB (20,000 cycles). All specimens were immersed in coffee, and the CIE ΔE00 was measured after 1, 7, and 14 days. Two-way, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey's post hoc tests were performed to determine any significant differences between the materials and TB groups. To determine the stain resistance, repeated measures of ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey's post hoc tests were used (α = 0.05). The R and W mass changes were minimal (-3.77 to 3.16 g%). W reduced the gloss of all the materials by 12.6%-65%. All materials in W were slightly rougher (Ra, 0.107-0.144 μm) than those in R (Ra, 0.049-0.072 μm). The ΔE00 ranged from 0.6 to 1.6 in W and 0.4 to 1.4 in R. VE was the hardest material at baseline (Hv = 362), whereas brushing and staining lowered Hv in all TB groups (282.8-300.6). After brushing in W, VE, and RC were more susceptible to coffee stains than were CS and GB. The whitening dentifrice roughened CAD-CAM specimens, reducing gloss, yet lightened some materials. Polymer-infiltrated ceramic and direct resin composite specimens brushed with abrasive regular or whitening dentifrice resulted in more intense staining than the CAD-CAM resin composites.