Intermittent tensile strain induces an increased response in bone formation markers compared to continuous load in mouse pre-osteoblasts when loading magnitude is matched

Scott, Reece, Varley, Ian, Sale, Craig ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5816-4169, Tarum, Janelle, James, Ruth, Barnett, Cleveland T and Santos, Lívia (2024) Intermittent tensile strain induces an increased response in bone formation markers compared to continuous load in mouse pre-osteoblasts when loading magnitude is matched. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 159. 106683. ISSN 1751-6161

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Abstract

Intermittent and continuous mechanical loads are known to influence osteogenic activity. The present study examines the effects of matched intermittent and continuous load in vitro on bone formation markers. MC3T3 (mouse pre-osteoblasts) were cultured and placed in a bioreactor to undergo continuous, intermittent, or unloading for 1, 3 and 12 days. Loading conditions were matched for magnitude, duration and frequency. Each time point was analysed for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, procollagen 1 N-terminal propeptide (PINP) and alizarin red staining (ARS). Intermittent load caused an increase in ALP activity across all time points compared to continuous loading (↑30%-59%) and unloaded conditions (↑70%-90%). PINP concentrations from intermittent load were lower than continuous load (↓112%) on day 3. However, no differences were observed in PINP concentrations between loading conditions at other time points. No differences were observed for ARS between loading conditions. Intermittent load caused an increase in bone formation marker ALP, but not PINP, when compared to continuous loading and unloaded conditions. These findings further our knowledge in bone formation response and provide additional tools for the analysis of osteogenesis in vitro.