Reduced variability of erector spinae activity in people with chronic low back pain when performing a functional 3D lifting task

Sanderson, A ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7892-1067, Cescon, C, Martinez-Valdes, E, Rushton, A, Heneghan, NR, Kuithan, P, Barbero, M and Falla, D (2024) Reduced variability of erector spinae activity in people with chronic low back pain when performing a functional 3D lifting task. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 78. 102917. ISSN 1050-6411

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Abstract

Background Chronic low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability, which is exacerbated in some by repeated lifting. Electromyography (EMG) assessments of isolated erector spinae (ES) regions during lifting identified conflicting results. Here, high-density EMG comprehensively assesses the lumbar and thoracolumbar ES activity in people with and without LBP performing a multiplanar lifting task. Methods Four high-density EMG grids (two bilaterally) and reflective markers were affixed over the ES and trunk to record muscle activity and trunk kinematics respectively. The task involved cyclical lifting of a 5 kg box for ∼7 min from a central shelf to five peripheral shelves, returning to the first between movements, while monitoring perceived exertion. Results Fourteen LBP (26.9 ± 11.1 years) and 15 control participants (32.1 ± 14.6 years) completed the study. LBP participants used a strategy characterised by less diffuse and more cranially-focussed ES activity (P < 0.05). LBP participants also exhibited less variation in ES activity distribution between sides during movements distal to the central shelf (P < 0.05). There were few consistent differences in kinematics, but LBP participants reported greater exertion (P < 0.05). Conclusion In the presence of mild LBP, participants used a less variable motor strategy, with less diffuse and more cranially-focussed ES activity; this motor strategy occurred concomitantly with increased exertion while completing this dynamic task.