“You could try this compound, but it might send you nuts”: how steroid suppliers perceive the underground market and their ‘hybrid’ role within it

Piatkowski, Timothy ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-0266, Vigorous, Steve, Cox, Luke and McVeigh, James ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5319-6885 (2024) “You could try this compound, but it might send you nuts”: how steroid suppliers perceive the underground market and their ‘hybrid’ role within it. Deviant Behavior. pp. 1-12. ISSN 0163-9625

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Abstract

Introduction The illicit manufacture and use of image and performance enhancing drugs (IPEDs) have increased. The underground market continues to meet consumer demands amidst evolving cultural narratives around most alluring IPEDs. This qualitative study aimed to provide insights into how IPED suppliers perceive demands within the current market and their roles within it. Methods We interviewed four IPED suppliers in Australia regarding distribution challenges and market changes. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed, with immediate reflective notes taken after each interview. Inductive line-by-line analysis facilitated identification and development of themes. Results Cultural narratives were perceived to influence the demand for several drugs (e.g. trenbolone, dihydroboldenone, fluoxymesterone) due to their perceived desirability and elevated status compared to other compounds. Consumers, who appeared to demonstrate knowledge gaps, were sometimes guided in their consumption practices by IPED suppliers, who drifted into a “hybrid” role of coach-supplier. Discussion IPED suppliers highlighted a perceived demand for specific AAS, driven by cultural narratives. Consequently, IPED suppliers assumed a hybrid role whereby they provide advice to the people who purchase IPEDs at point-of-sale. Urgent action is needed to address cultural narratives and provide education and harm reduction to support people who use IPEDs.