Prevalence and management of diabetic neuropathy in secondary care in Qatar

Ponirakis, Georgios, Elhadd, Tarik, Chinnaiyan, Subitha, Dabbous, Zeinab, Siddiqui, Mashhood, Al‐muhannadi, Hamad, Petropoulos, Ioannis, Khan, Adnan, Ashawesh, Khaled AE, Dukhan, Khaled MO, Mahfoud, Ziyad R, Murgatroyd, Christopher ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6885-7794, Slevin, Mark ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3767-4861 and Malik, Rayaz A (2020) Prevalence and management of diabetic neuropathy in secondary care in Qatar. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, 36 (4). e3286. ISSN 1520-7552

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Abstract

Aims Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a “Cinderella” complication, particularly in the Middle East. A high prevalence of undiagnosed DN and those at risk of diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) is a major concern. We have determined the prevalence of DN and its risk factors, DFU and those at risk of (DFU) in patients with T2DM in secondary care in Qatar. Materials and methods Adults with T2DM were randomly selected from the two National Diabetes Centers in Qatar. DN was defined by the presence of neuropathic symptoms and a vibration perception threshold (VPT) ≥ 15 V. Participants with a VPT≥25 V were categorized as high risk for DFU. Painful DN was defined by a DN4 score ≥ 4. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of DN. Results In 1082 adults with T2DM (age 54 ± 11 years, duration of diabetes 10.0 ± 7.7 years, 60.6% males) the prevalence of DN was 23.0% (95% CI: 20.5%‐25.5%), of whom 33.7% (95% CI: 27.9%‐39.6%) were at high risk of DFU and 6.3% had DFU. 82.0% of the patients with DN were previously undiagnosed. The prevalence of DN increased with age and duration of diabetes and was associated with poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 9%) AOR = 2.1 (95%CI: 1.3‐3.2), hyperlipidemia AOR = 2.7 (95%CI: 1.5‐5.0) and hypertension AOR = 2.0 (95%CI: 1.2‐3.4). Conclusions Despite, DN affecting 23% of adults with T2DM, 82% had not been previously diagnosed with 1/3 at high risk for DFU. This argues for annual screening and identification of patients with DN. Furthermore, we identify hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and hypertension as predictors of DN.